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Viktor Yanukovych: The former Soviet republic needed a new, stable political system

Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych called on Tuesday for constitutional reform that would strengthen his powers and enable him to push through tough economic reform.

Former prime minister Yulia Tymoshenko, now an opposition leader, accused Yanukovych on Tuesday of moving Ukraine towards authoritarianism, despite his pledges to keep the former Soviet republic on a democratic path.

Yanukovych, in his first Independence Day speech since taking office in February, said the former Soviet republic needed a new, stable system led by a "strong president".

"I see a renewed Ukraine as a state with a stable political system and I am ready to propose a formula for this to society," he told a gathering of dignitaries in Kiev.

"It means a strong president who has real powers to coordinate and control the implementation of key reform issues and the country's strategic course," Yanukovych said.

"In order to achieve this, we need to reform the constitution thoroughly."

Yanukovych, 60, with financial backing from some of Ukraine's wealthiest businessmen, won a bitter election battle against Tymoshenko to take office earlier this year.

Tymoshenko said her bloc would propose its own constitutional reform but gave no details.

"The new power has no control (over it), no responsibility," Tymoshenko said. "If authoritarian regimes, dictators and tyrants can emerge in Ukraine under the constitution, then it means the constitution is not working to full extent."

Critics say there are already signs of pressure on media to toe the official line, though Yanukovych said on Tuesday he would strenuously protect the rights of the free press.

Ukraine curbed presidential powers in favour of parliament through constitutional amendments introduced in 2004 when pro-Western politician Viktor Yushchenko came to power after the "Orange Revolution" street demonstrations.

The curbs, promoted by Yanukovych's supporters at the time, limited Yushchenko's effectiveness as president and set up confrontation with parliament and Tymoshenko, his premier.

The wrangling paralysed decision-making and ultimately contributed to his downfall in an election earlier this year.


UNPOPULAR REFORMS

Yanukovych supporters now say his hand should be strengthened so he can push through unpopular reforms such as raising household gas prices and slimming down the bloated pension system.

Many of the reforms have been undertaken under pressure from the International Monetary Fund, which has extended a new $15 billion stand-by arrangement to Ukraine to help stabilise its economy, battered by the global crisis.

If the 2004 curbs were lifted, Yanukovych would effectively rule in a presidential system similar to that of many other former Soviet republics, including Russia, with the right to name government ministers.

A first move to revise the constitution through a referendum failed last month after several parties including the Communists and the Lytvyn bloc, which are both part of the pro-Yanukovych coalition, refused to support it.
The parliament agreed then to revisit the proposal in September.

Since taking office, Yanukovych has tilted foreign policy sharply back towards Russia, on which Ukraine relies heavily for supplies of natural gas.

He has expanded economic ties and renewed the lease of Russia's Black Sea fleet on the Ukrainian port of Sevastopol, allowing the Russian navy to stay there until 2042.

But Yanukovych insisted on Tuesday that taking Ukraine into the European mainstream was still the focus of his foreign policy. "European integration remains the priority in Ukraine's development," he said. "... It is obvious that the improvement of our ties with Russia does not hinder European integration. On the contrary, it helps it."

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Instead of serving and protecting society, the police appear to be persecuting the citizenry.

Ukraine’s police force has never been the world’s friendliest bunch.

But now there is mounting evidence that it’s radically reconsidering its role in the society. Instead of protecting the citizens, officers now seem bent on doing the persecuting.

Interior Minister Anatoliy Mohylyov is already undoing some of the hard-won civil and human rights protections of the post-President Leonid Kuchma years.

Many of the freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution in reality are threatened by President Viktor Yanukovych's administration.

This includes the freedom of movement, the freedom of expression and speech, the right for privacy and equality, the right for peaceful gatherings and personal security. The list goes on.

Mohylyov was appointed in March. One of his first acts was to dissolve an internal unit that monitored human rights – an essential check on the abuse of power by police officers on the 300,000-member force. The minister’s decisions progressively got worse from there.

As human rights activist Yevhen Zakharov writes in an opinion article on this page, many complaints are being registered about policy interference in the holding of peaceful gatherings and protests. In one of the most recent cases, the Orthodox Church of Kyiv Patriarchate complained on July 27 that law-enforcement officials attempted to prevent church followers from traveling to Kyiv to take part in a holy procession commemorating the 1022nd anniversary of the baptism of Kyivan Rus.

In Kharkiv, the police turned a blind eye to thugs who beat up activists protesting the felling of trees in a park.

The death of student, Ihor Indylo, in a Kyiv district detention center on May 18 highlighted the problem of torture and abuse in prisons and pre-trial detention centers. An internal investigation was allegedly launched into this case, but there has been no word of it since, nor will there likely be any conclusive or credible probe.

Despite law enforcement’s inability to solve real crimes and history of political subservience, police officers are getting more powers. The minister once again wants foreigners to undergo rigorous checks of their documents.

Also, the ministry is seeking to re-introduce personalized railway tickets, recording personal data of the travelers. All this is done under the pretext of fighting crime.

Mohylyov promised the president at a July 27 meeting that he will present a big plan for improving the Interior Ministry by the end of the summer.

One big improvement would be law enforcers who solve crimes fairly, competently and honestly.

They should serve all citizens, not bully them.